Essentials - Week 22 (5th Edition)

Week Twenty-two

Compound-Complex/All Purposes/S-Vl-PN and PA  Verbals  Tasks 1-6

(Label this sentence.)

My brother, who loves sports, yelled, but he enjoyed the game while he watched it on TV.

Welcome

Proverbs 27:17  As iron sharpens iron, so one man sharpens another.

Prayer

Last week we were supposed to study infinitives, but I wanted to give more time for compound-complex sentences.  Also, infinitives are not dissimilar to participles, which we are introducing today. These can sometime be difficult to understand, so I wanted to give more time to them today.

Verbals:  Infinitives

An infinitive is the first of the five principal parts of a verb. (Infinitive, present, past, present participle, past participle) (To be, to play, to have, etc.)  It can act as a verb.  This is called its "base" form.  However, an infinitive can also act as a noun, and adjective, or an adverb in a sentence.  An infinitive is a verb with the word "to" in front of it. Can you give me an example of an infinitive?

Examples – Let's use some in a sentence.

Jesus is easy to love.  (infinitive acting as an adverb – how?)

To sing is my favorite pastime.

I have a paper to write.

Infinitives can be simple, like the ones above, or they can be phrases and clauses.

To win the presidency takes hard work.  (entire infinitive phrase acting as subject)

Jesus loves to help children.  (infinitive phrase acting as a direct object)

They had the money to visit France.  (infinitive phrase acting as adjective – what kind?)

Jesus died to free sinners.  (infinitive phrase acting as adverb – why?)

Verbals:  Participles Let’s review again.  What are the five principal parts of a verb?( Infinitive, present, past, present participle, past participle)

We’ve just learned how infinitives can act as nouns, adjectives, and adverbs in a sentence.  These are verbs that end in -ed, -en, or -ing used as another part of speech. Now we’re going to learn how present and past participles can act as adjectives in a sentence.

Here are some examples:

Jumping, calling, laughing, playing  present participle

Jumped, called, laughed, played  past participle

Here are some sample sentences using participles:

The jumping child broke his wrist on the trampoline. (present participle used as an adjective)

Don’t awaken a sleeping giant.

The delighted mother received flowers.

The broken tooth caused her great pain.

Similar to Infinitives, participles can also be used as phrases.

Struggling vigorously, the disciples fell asleep.

Labeled a failure, the sad child cheated on the exam.

Be careful not to confuse participles used as adjectives with verb phrases.  If it has a helping verb, it is a verb phrase, not a verbal.

Vh  Vi  part.

The boys were swimming in a rushing river.

(See chart Q or pp. 255 and 267 to see how to diagram these verbals.)

Tasks 1-6

To win a race is wonderful, but since my friend lost, I feel confused.

Essentials - Week 21 (5th Edition)

Week Twenty-One

Compound-Complex/All/S-Vi/S-Vt-DO  Conjunctions  Tasks 1-6

(We will be saving the study of Verbals for next week to study with participles from next lesson. 

I want to give more time to compound-complex.)

Welcome

James 1:4 Perseverance must finish its work so that you may be mature and complete, not lacking anything.

Prayer

Conjunctions - Review

Since we are talking about sentences that have many clauses, it makes sense to refresh our memories about conjunctions today.

Can anyone tell me the definition of a conjunction?

(A conjunction is a word used to combine words, phrases, or clauses together.)

We’ve been practicing using conjunctions to connect sentences.  To do this we’ve used coordinating conjunctions (FANBOYS-kids list) and subordinating conjunctions (www.asia.wub- kids list), and relative pronouns (w/w).  But don’t forget that conjunctions can also join words or phrases together.

(See diagram examples on p. 253)

Amy sings songs and plays piano.  (compound verb)

Tyler loves peanut butter and jelly.  (compound direct object)

Charles, Lucy, and Patty enjoyed the baseball game.  (compound subject)

            I enjoy running in the morning and in the evening.  (compound prepositional phrase)

Compound-Complex/All/S-Vi/S-Vt-DO

Today we are going to learn about out last sentence structure, compound-complex.  These types of sentences are formed when you take a compound sentence and a complex sentence and mesh them together.  In order to better understand how this works, let’s review compound and complex sentences.

*Remember that a clause is a group of words that has a subject and a verb.

(You may want to demonstrate this using students to represent different clauses.  I plan to use two siblings to represent an independent and dependent clause for a complex sentence, then another child to represent another independent clause.  I will give them each a clause to say and then put them together in various ways while I provide conjunctions -written on cards- to bring them together.)

An independent clause is a group of words that has a subject and a verb and can stand alone as a sentence.

A dependent clause is a group of words that has a subject and a verb but cannot stand alone as a sentence.

Compound sentences consist of two Independent clauses that are joined by a coordinating conjunction (Fanboys) and separated by a comma.

I cooked my supper, and then I ate it.

Give thanks to the Lord, for he is good.

Nate likes cheese, but Rose likes peanut butter.

Complex sentences consist of one independent clause and at least one subordinate, or dependent clause/

            As the sun was setting, the sky was radiant.

            While Jo likes biscuits and gravy, Rose prefers waffles.

            My supper, which was spaghetti, was delicious.

So, we have compound sentences and complex sentences.  Now, we just need to mesh them together to make Compound-Complex sentences.  

Use question confirmation and diagramming on each sentence below.

            As the sun was setting, the sky was radiant, and a gentle wind was blowing.

            While Jo likes biscuits and gravy, Rose prefers waffles, but Nate prefers pancakes.

            I cooked my supper, which was spaghetti, and then I ate it.

So, you can see that these sentences have two independent clauses (have students identify) and at least one subordinate, or dependent clause.

(Ask students for ideas for other sentences.)

Questions?

Assignments this week

Introduce chart P, Review Chart H