Essentials – Week 4
PART OF SPEECH
Pronouns
What is a Pronoun? A pronoun replaces a noun in order to avoid repetition. In English, pronouns are almost a complicated as verbs. Like Nouns, Pronouns have different jobs they perform in a sentence.
Take a look at the chart.
There are personal pronouns – and several types of personal pronouns, demonstrative, interrogative, Indefinite, and relative.
Personal Pronouns
This is the most complicated group of pronouns. It is also the most like Latin-like part of English in how it is organized. Each personal pronoun represents a specific person, animal, thing, or group of them. Each pronoun is distinguished by:
Case – Subjective, objective, possessive, or reflexive
Number – Singular or Plural (I/we, he/they)
Person – 1st, 2nd, 3rd (I, you, he)
Gender – Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter (he, she, it)
Reflexive Pronouns
A reflexive pronoun is a personal pronoun compounded with -self or -selves. This shows that the action affects the subject. (myself, yourself, himself, etc)
They will move the table themselves.
He thinks a lot of himself.
Demonstrative Pronouns
A Demonstrative Pronoun indicates an entity and distinguishes it from others.
This, that, these, those
This is my book. Those are my parents.
Interrogative Pronouns
An interrogative pronoun asks a question.
Who whom, whose, which, what
Indefinite Pronouns
…are definitely indefinite…
Indefinite Pronouns refer to a non-specific person, place, thing, activity, or idea. The opposite of personal pronouns.
All, another, any, anybody…
Relative Pronouns
A relative pronoun is found at the beginning of an adjectival clause and relates it to the word it modifies.
Who, whom, whose, whoever, that, which, what, whatever.
Look at that boy WHO went to sleep.
Antecedent – each personal pronoun has a word or words that it is replacing. This word is called the antecedent.
Sentence Classification – Imperative Purpose
Last time, we studies declarative and exclamatory sentences. This week we will add Imperative sentences. An imperative sentence issues a command or suggestion.
John sits down. Sit down. OR EVEN Please, sit down.
He gave me a book. Give me a book.
Because she was tired, she went to bed. Because you’re tired, go to bed.
How do we classify an imperative sentence? It can be a little tricky. First of all, let’s ask our questions from our task sheet using the following sentence:
Sit down.
Who or what is this sentence about? This is the tricky part. The answer to this question in every imperative sentence is the same. It’s “you”!
So, again… who or what is this sentence about? You!
Add (you) in front of the sentence. Write SP above the “you”. (subject pronoun)
SP
(you) Sit down.
What is being said about you? (sit). Write V above the “sit”.
SP V
(you) Sit down.
You sit what or whom? (There is no answer to this – the action is not transferred to an object, so write Vi above the verb for Verb intransitive.)
SP Vi
(you) Sit down.
We won’t worry about the last word yet. It is a describing word. We’ll get to those later.
This is how we diagram this sentence.
(you) Sit
This week, we will practice the Pronoun chart every day. And we will do our analytical task sheet every day.
Questions?
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